Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/243931811?client_source=feed&format=rss
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Wednesday, August 29, 2012
Saturday, August 25, 2012
Ford Recalls 16,300 Transit Connect Vans
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By: Bill Waters, NewsOXY Reporter
08/11/2012 10:14 AM ET
Ford has issued a recall for 16,300 Transit Connect vans, model years 2011 and 2012, because wiper arms may not be adequately riveted.
The Dearborn, Mich., automaker said because the arms may not be properly riveted, cleaning the windshield could be incomplete or inconsistent, and the wiper arm could possibly detach.
Ford said it wasn't aware of any crashes or injuries because of the problem. If the wiper arm were to detach, the wiper will fail and the driver's visibility may be reduced, which would increase the risk of a crash, the company said. Some owners have complained of poor wiper performance and noisy wipers.
Ford dealers will replace both the passenger and driver windshield wipers and blade assemblies, the automaker said.
Ford also told the agency it did not intend to issue a news release about the recall, as it did last month when it instructed owners of the 2013 Escape equipped with the 1.6-liter EcoBoost engine to cease driving the crossover because of a fire hazard, but added that it would "provide comments when requested."
The Ford Transit Connect is assembled in Turkey.
Source: http://www.newsoxy.com/automotive/ford-recalls-21-83880.html
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Alaska court orders mayor at doorstep of Pebble Mine to obey the law
Score one for the anti-mining crowd in what has become Alaska's intense love-it-or-hate-it battle over the proposed Pebble Mine. A state court judge has told two local leaders in Southwest Alaska with financial ties to the mine to start obeying the law.
As conflicts of interest for public officials go, knowing when to recuse yourself from voting on something in which you have a financial stake seems glaringly obvious. Elected officials are trusted to work for the people when conducting government business, not themselves. Yet in a sparsely populated borough in rural Alaska, two politicians recently found themselves hauled into court for a stern refresher course -- and mandate -- about keeping their business matters clean and appropriate.
Five went after mayor, assemblyman
The Lake and Peninsula Borough is located adjacent to Bristol Bay, a vibrant fishing community downstream of lands abundant with buried copper and gold. The potential mining of these riches has become a divisive issue ? both in the community, across Alaska and even in the Lower 48 and beyond. Supporters of the proposed Pebble gold mine are counting on it to bring jobs and needed infrastructure to struggling villages. Opponents fear it will only yield disaster, scarring lands and harming streams in which one of Alaska's largest runs of salmon breed.
The controversy landed squarely in the seat of local leadership when five anti-mining residents and politicians went after the mayor and an assembly member, charging them with conflicts of interest related to the mine. Their concerns ended up before to an Alaska Superior Court judge.
The result? In addition to findings that the mayor and assemblywoman were tied in too closely to matters they may oversee, it's a very public hand slap during an election season when pro-mine and anti-mine interests are duking it out for votes. A Pebble mine opponent, former Alaska state legislator George Jacko, is running against current mayor Glen Alsworth, Sr.
Judicial reprimand
On Tuesday, Alsworth and assemblywoman Lorene "Sue" Anelon were ordered by Kodiak-based Alaska Superior Court Judge Steve Cole "to immediately cease and desist from any and all uses of their official positions in the Lake and Peninsula Borough for personal or financial gain."
The judge's decision is the final outcome in a court controversy that began in May, when a quintet of residents disgruntled with the duo's dealings went to court to get what amounts to a restraining order on Alsworth's and Anelon's alleged self-serving activities. In his order issued Tuesday, Cole summed it up as requiring the mayor and assemblywoman to follow existing law.
The judge found that Alsworth and Anelon each had substantial financial relationships with the Pebble Mine developers. Alsworth owns Lake Clark Air, which has provided business travel and lodging for the developers. Anelon works for Iliamna Development Corp., which supports the mine. Alsworth's community conflicts potentially run even deeper, as his air service also does business with the Lake and Peninsula Borough and its school district.?
Cole said Alsworth and Anelon, who are seeking re-election, must:
? Disclose their sources of income accurately and on time;
? Not use their official positions, job equipment or resources to influence the Pebble Mine debate;
? Not use borough money to pay their legal bills in this court case; and
? Openly declare any conflicts of interest they may have before any vote.?
Contact Jill Burke at jill(at)alaskadispatch.com
Source: https://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/alaska-court-orders-mayor-doorstep-pebble-mine-obey-law
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Find Out Revealing Guide to Hints on Benefits of Equipment Rentals ...
For projects and events that only come along every once in a while, you will not need to buy all the things required for set up. There will be businesses that will be more than able to provide all the quality tools for you. There are many of these to be found in your area, so look up the nearest equipment rentals San Jose service.
Your needs will be met by all their many services. Equipment rentals can be found anywhere, so it takes very little effort to find one. There will always be a shop nearby, so check if their services are any good, or if not, there is sure to be another place with better services. All your specifications are likely to be met. These businesses have all the right machinery in their inventory.
If you need tools and services for cars, they can be found just about anywhere. You can have full use of automotive lifts, emission and brake service testers and other service equipment. If you are not certain on use to use it properly, all you will need to do is ask them for instructions. It is cheap, and convenient, and is usually offered along with insurance.
Home improvement, gardening tools are usually very popular these days. A lot of people are looking for do it yourself projects to pass the time or to simply make their houses look better. Rent out your tools instead of buying them, if you would only use them a couple of times. Most companies have trailers, trucks, and tools for welding and plumbing. You can even rent out pressure washers to clean a driveway or boat. These companies will give you the assistance you need, to teach proper use when you need it.
Birth anniversaries and nuptial celebrations also call for leasing needs. You will find some providers around your city that can provide video, audio, and lighting equipment. You can lease chairs and tables for a wedding reception. You can ask your provider to help you set up the furniture for a large wedding. This is an advantage of leasing your things instead of buying them wherein you will be required to set up the place yourself.
These businesses invest in the best tools for their customers. The things they rent out are well taken care of, and very well maintained. Look for the most dependable providers for big savings and quality equipment. You can rent for as long as your project requires it.
Payments are made very flexible, and you can pay in whichever way you would prefer. Cash, credit cards and checks are all widely accepted. They are open on weekdays, and maybe Saturdays, and keep convenient hours. These businesses will give you the best to keep you coming back.
You can expect to get exactly what you need at a reputable equipment rentals San Jose service. Look for tools and items that are known to perform well. Ask your provider to teach you how to use the items before you leave the store. They may also give you additional tips on how to use the devices safely.
Source: http://www.articlesolve.com/articledetail.php?artid=356423&catid=81
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Friday, August 24, 2012
RolePlayGateway?
The three who possess, murder and condemn:
1. Lilitu
2. Alu
3. Gallu
Other creatures/beings:
Adze:
The adze is a vampiric being in Ewe folklore. No one knows what the adze look like in their real form, the legends do suggest however that if the adze is captured it will revert back to its true form. When in human form, the adze has the power to possess humans. The adze's influence would negatively affect the people who lived around their host. A person is suspected of being possessed in a variety of situations, including: women with brothers (especially if their brother's children fared better than their own), old people (if the young suddenly started dying and the old stayed alive) and the poor (if they envied the rich). The adze's effects are generally felt by the possessed victim's family or those the victim is jealous of.
The Analan:
The Analan are deformed spirits from the folklore of the Philippines. They have wings, and their fingers and toes point backwards. The Analan are said to take drops of menstrual blood, miscarried fetuses, afterbirth, or other reproductive waste and transform them into grotesque copies of human children and raise them as their own. According to legend the Analan live near springs in extremely fine houses, made of gold and other valuables.
Anti-April Fool:
April 2nd is Anti-April Fools Day and with it comes the evil mischief of the April Anti-Fool aka the nemesis of the April Fool who blesses us with humorous harmless pranks on April Fools Day (April 1st). Although the two are enemies they are separated temporally and confined to their respective days which for them lasts one whole year. Unlike the April Fool, the Anti-Fool can be very dangerous in nature and their so called pranks can be extremely dangerous and diabolical. The Anti-Fool has equivalent magical powers, including mind control, and enhanced superhuman abilities.
The Anti-Fool is also said to be able to mimic the faces of humans. Unlike the Fool whose powers are truly imbued within him, the Anti-Fool derives his powers from his scepter so taking it away will turn him into a normal evil human. If he is unable to recover the scepter within one minute then his face will permanently be molded into the image of his skull mask, rendering him ineffectual and unable to disgiuse himself by changing faces.
Leap Day Demon Goddess:
Chuang-Mu, the Chinese Goddess of Bedchambers, divorced her God husband Chuang-Kong some centuries ago, and decided to spice up her life by joining the demonic masses of the underworld. Generally Gods, and Demons steer clear of each other but every so often they come to an understanding. Chuang-Mu is now a rare Demon Goddess whose been on quite a destructive rampage for a great many centuries. Some of her most sinister handy works take place on the Leap Days of Leap Years.
On that fateful day she materializes as a beautiful young Asian woman who finds the most innocent guys possible. By the end of the day she seduces them with the ultimate intent on getting them to marry her in an unholy ceremony. Once joined with the Goddess in unholy matrimony they disappear just before the stroke of Midnight on March 1st. They are never seen again until the next leap day. Her victims speak of the hellish years spent with the sadistic demon in a plane of reality not of our own. She feeds of their souls to fuel her power, and gain favor with the Archdemonic hierarchy. During that day they have a chance to escape her evil clutches while she?s distracted searching for a new soul to corrupt.
Future Leap Years:
2012
2016
2020
2024
2028
2032
2036
2040
Cambion:
In medieval legend, a cambion is a half-human offspring of a demon and a human. Caliban, in The Tempest by William Shakespeare, is a cambion; Merlin from the Arthurian legend is also a cambion. Most often depicted as the offspring of an incubus and a human woman. At birth, the infant has no pulse and no breath. This continues until the child is about seven years old, where it becomes increasingly difficult to differentiate one from a human. A cambion is usually devilishly cunning and angelically beautiful, able to persuade even the most strong-hearted individual to do his or her bidding. The method of the creation of a cambion is protracted. A succubus will have sex with a human male and so acquire a sample of his sperm. This she will then pass on to an incubus. The incubus will, in his turn, transfer the sperm to a human female and thus impregnate her.
Churel:
A churel is a female ghost (witch like) out of Hindu folklore. The spirit is said to be of a low-caste woman who died either in childbirth. They are most often reported near graveyards or squalid places. Legend says that they hold young men captive until they are elderly, or else make love to them until they become so weak that they die to join the spirit. She appears either as a hideous creature with long sagging breasts and unkempt hair, or as a beautiful young woman who can charm any man. Often, her feet are backward, and she has an unnaturally long and thick black tongue; though sometimes she is reported as having no mouth at all.
Cuco:
The Cuco (or Coca; Cuca; Cucuy) is a mythical ghost-monster; equivalent to the bogeyman, found in many Hispanic countries (originally from Portugal). The name of the Cuco is widely used by parents in Spain and Latin America when children disobey their parents, do not want to go to sleep, do not want to eat, or go to prohibited places and like to wander. It is not the way the cuco looks but what he does that scares most. The cuco is a child eater and a kidnapper, it immediately devours the child and leaves no trace of her or it takes the child away to a place of no return, but it only does this to disobedient children.
Cyhyraeth:
A ghostly spirit in Welsh mythology, a disembodied moaning voice that sounds before a person's death. The noise is said to be "doleful and disagreeable", like the groans and sighs of someone deathly ill, and to sound three times (growing weaker and fainter each time) as a threefold warning before the person expires. The cyhyraeth is said to be heard before a shipwreck, accompanied by a corpse-light. Described as having a harpy-like appearance: unkempt hair and withered arms with leathery wings, long black teeth and pale corpse-like features. She approaches the window of the person about to die by night and calls their name, or travels invisibly beside them and utters her cry when they approach a stream or crossroads.
Dhampir:
A Dhampir in Balkan folklore is the child of a vampire and a human. The term is sometimes spelled dhampyre, dhamphir, or dhampyr. Dhampir powers are similar to those of vampires, but without the usual weaknesses. Dhampirs are supposed to be adept at detecting and killing vampires. Some traditions specify signs by which the children of a vampire can be recognized. Serbian legends state they have untamed dark or black hair and lack a shadow. In Bulgarian folklore, possible indications include being "very dirty," having a soft body, no nails and bones, and "a deep mark on the back, like a tail." A pronounced nose was often a sign, as were larger than normal ears, teeth or eyes.
Draugr:
An undead creature from Norse mythology, a subset of Germanic mythology. Draugr were believed to live in the graves of the dead. As the graves of important men often contained a good amount of wealth, the draugr jealously guards his treasures, even after death. Draugr possess superhuman strength, can increase their size at will, and carry the unmistakable stench of decay. They are undead Vikings that retain some semblance of intelligence, and who delight in the suffering that they cause. The draugr's ability to increase its size also increased its weight, and the body of the draugr was described as being extremely heavy.
Langsuyar:
In Malaysian folklore a Langsuyar is the malevolent ghost of a woman who died in childbirth. She resents having her life and her child taken from her and wants others to share her fate. She appears as a woman with very long hair and extremely long nails that she uses to disembowel her victims, especially pregnant women. In the form of a woman she uses a hole in the back of her neck to suck the blood of children. She is able to become pregnant and may give birth to an "elfin child," she is also known to drain men of their vigor or castrate them. When they are not feeding on blood they enjoy eating fish.
Lake Zombies:
The natural bad luck that materializes on Friday The 13th usually results in a high level of ghost, and poltergeist activity. However on this particular 13th day of September 2013 (2019) legend indicates that there will be an unprecedented amount of lake zombie activity. Lake zombies are a rare form of zombie that are the result of the unrecovered bodies of drowning victims. For reasons unknown these victims rotting corpses will reanimate, and surface. The greatest number are will be seen in the Great Lakes, specifically Mackinac Island (an island and resort area covering 3.8 square miles in land area, part of the U.S. state of Michigan), due to the ease of a body not being found in their vast murky waters. The risk of rising from rivers is minimal since the bodies are usually washed into lakes, or seas.
Sea-Vamp:
An elementary spirit of the water, particularly those that live in polluted bodies of water. We can see them but they cannot see us, we are like fairies to them. However, under the right conditions they can develop a kind of spiritual sight, where they can see and interact with humans. They are very anxious to enter the human realm in order to obtain a human soul. If they die before they receive a soul they will disappear forever rather than existing forever as the human soul does.
A child produced by its coupling with a mortal man will be inhuman monster with a human soul, the father should always be careful not to offend the mother near a body of water or their child (or children) will revert to their mothers true form and disappear into their element. Every form of water has its own tribe of Sea-Vamps. They exist within the oceans, the seas and ponds, lakes, rivers, wells, waterfalls, even tears. They can therefor come into being through any of these source, as long as these have a polluted equivalent. For instance; tears, would have to be the result of sadness or great loss, and not tears of joy etc.
Baalberith: (characters call on him for information)
Chief secretary of Hell, head of its public archives, and the demon who tempted men to blasphemy and murder. When seated among the princes of Hell, he was usually seen as a pontiff. He tells things of the past, present and future with true answers; he can also turn all metals into gold, give dignities to men and confirm them. He was also quite a voluble sort: Baalberith once possessed a nun and in the process of the exorcism, Baalberith volunteered not only his own name and the names of all the other demons possessing her, but the names of the saints who would be most effective in opposing them.
To speak with him the conjurer must wear a silver ring and put it before his face in the same form as it is needed in Beleth's case. He is depicted as a red-skinned soldier wearing red clothes, a golden crown, and riding a horse. His power is strongest in June.
Source: http://feeds.feedburner.com/RolePlayGateway
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California lawmakers' end-of-session end runs
One of the lesser-known measures on the Nov. 6 ballot would require state lawmakers to wait a modest three days from the time a bill's language is released publicly before they can vote on it. Proposition 31 has lots of other parts and pieces, some of them easy to like, some a bit more troubling, but in late August, as the Legislature guts dead bills to stuff them with language unseen by the public and rushes them to the floor, that modest three-day waiting period is looking pretty good.
As it is, Californians must endure the combination circus and horror show that is End of Session. It happens each summer, just before or just after Labor Day, as the legislative year winds down. Bills that have been hidden in the desks and minds of lawmakers, lobbyists and campaign donors and have avoided the scrutiny of public hearings and analysis are suddenly presented, negotiated in Capitol hallways and on the Assembly and Senate floors and quickly passed.
It's twice as bad in even-numbered years such as this one, because what's looming is not merely the end of the year but the end of the two-year session. For a huge swath of politicians, that means the end of their terms and the desperate need to get money, headlines and credit that can translate into reelection or election to a new office in November or appointment to a plum public or private-sector post at the end of the year.
Deadlines for introducing legislation are thrown out the window as place-holder bills are swept clean of their original language and filled with entirely new text covering entirely new subjects. These gut-and-amend bills will never see the rigors of the Legislative Analyst's Office, and most Californians will know little about them until they are signed or vetoed by the governor sometime in September.
Equally disturbing are the bills, still to take shape, on subjects the public has in fact been discussing for months, from a public pension fix to the reform of the California Environmental Quality Act. Lawmakers will argue that there has indeed been discussion or vetting, but these have often been merely sham "listening tours," devoid of actual draft bills up for discussion, or private "stakeholder" meetings, conducted out of public view among carefully selected interest groups.
All the while, at tony restaurants around Sacramento or wineries an hour's drive away in Napa Valley or the Sierra foothills, campaign donors reward Capitol politicians for their last-minute bills with parties, promises and checks.
This isn't democracy. Californians deserve better.
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Home CarpetMill.ca Improvement Tips You Shouldn't Pass Up On ...
by on August 23rd, 2012
filed under tralatitious
Home CarpetMill.ca Improvement Tips You Shouldn?t Pass Up On
Improving your home can be quite exciting! Maybe fix, replace or freshen-up something! However, if you do not have the right advice or information, this can be very stressful for all involved. This article contains a number of tips to help you and your household make a success of that home improvement project.
If you want to do all of the home improvements and not have to pay more in the long run by having someone else do it, you must start with having all of the essentials. If you do not have the tools that you need to complete your work, you will be wasting your time.
When you are a seller wanting to make your home look its very best for buyers, one of the most common things that you can do is to work on your yard and outside appearance. Check your light fixtures to make sure that they are clean and working and replace them if you need to. Maybe try making a small vegetable garden in your backyard since most people enjoy some type of gardening.
One way to prevent insects from entering your home is to adjust the surrounds of your home. Make sure there are no piles of straw or leaves around the outer walls of your home. Insects will hide in these patches of straw and leaves and move into your house where the house meets the ground.
If you no longer use your garage for parking your cars, you may want to consider remodeling it to be a part of your home. It can serve as an extra bedroom, office or den/family Hardwood Flooring Toronto room for your home. Since it is usually attached to your home, the duct work is probably already in place for heating and cooling.
Painting is an easy do it yourself home improvement, but remember to always use primer. Sometimes you may be tempted to skip the primer but it really produces an excellent surface for the application of fresh paint. Also having a coat of primer beneath the paint will bring out the paints true color.
Consider attending free seminars on home improvement at your local home supply retailer to see how to complete a project safely and correctly. You can even get hands-on practice in areas like tile installation or brick laying. Check out the calendar to see which classes are coming up, or request a class that isn?t on the schedule.
An important tip to remember with real estate is that when you are making improvements to your house, you should not date it with fashions that are on their way out. This is important because while something may look nice for the time being you should always be forward thinking, especially if you do plan on selling your house.
Add some new lighting to a room that you feel is kind of dreary. It is inexpensive and easy to make a room look bright and fresh. With a simple trip to the store to find the right light for your space and plugging it into the wall, you will gain a new feel for the space.
If you live in an old home, you may have steel pipes that you should replace with copper or PVC versions. When you toronto Flooring encounter steel pipes that have whitish deposits on them, do not strip these away until you are prepared to replace the pipe?the mineral deposits are probably left over from a leak, and this ?scab? may be the only thing preventing your pipes from dripping.
Have space available for the trash. Renovation projects always involve lots of debris and if you do not have a special place for it, it will add up quickly. Planning in advance, by getting a dumpster or other debris storage area, will help to prevent any headaches that may come with removal.
Hardwood Floors
If you have an older home, you may find that there are hardwood floors underneath any carpeting currently installed. Many homes prior to 1950s were required to have hard wood as their sub-floor. This means that there may be gold in those floorboards. They may need some refinishing, but not having to pay to have them installed would be a huge money saver.
Re-finish your hardwood floors to increase the value of your home. Re-finishing floors is a big job, but it is not a very difficult one. Instructional classes can often be found at your local hardware store, as can the equipment you will need to rent. The project can save you thousands of dollars, over the cost of a new floor.
So, home improvement has the potential to be a fun and exciting project! However, the process can be very difficult and stressful if you do not have the right advice and information. Use the tips found in this article to improve your home with ease!
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Source: http://pepitosplace.com/307/home-carpetmill-ca-improvement-tips-you-shouldnt-pass-up-on/
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Thursday, August 23, 2012
Health insurance rate regulation measure qualifies for California's November 2014 ballot
An initiative that would bring health insurance rate regulation to California has qualified for the November 2014 ballot, setting the stage for a vigorous and costly battle between insurers and consumer groups.
The initiative, submitted by Consumer Watchdog, would submit many health premium increases to approval by the state insurance commissioner, who has little control over such rate hikes now.
Large employer group health plans would be exempt.
The Secretary of State's Office announced Thursday that Consumer Watchdog has gathered the 504,760 signatures needed to qualify.
A water bond and a state finance measure also will be on the 2014 ballot.
Check back later today for the full story.
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JMC Directory Corrections ? Arizona : AEJMC
Arizona
? Arizona, University of
845 N. Park Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721-0158. Tel: (520) 621-7556, FAX: (520) 621-7557. Email: <journal<at>email.arizona.edu>; Web site: <http://journalism.arizona.edu>. School of Journalism, 1951. SPJ, Arizona Newspapers Association, KTA, National Association of Hispanic Journalists, Native American Journalists Association. David Cuillier, interim director.
FACULTY: Profs.: Susan Knight, Bruce Itule, Mort Rosenblum, Jacqueline E. Sharkey, Nancy Sharkey, Alan Weisman, Terry Wimmer, Maggy Zanger; Assoc. Profs.: David Cuillier , Shahira Fahmy, Carol Schwalbe; Asst. Prof.:, Celeste Gonz?lez de Bustamante, Kevin R. Kemper, Linda Lumsden, James Mitchell, Kim Newton, Jeannine Relly, Jay Rochlin; Instrs.: Rhonda Bodfield, Tom Beal, Fred Brock, Cathalena Burch, Lisa Button, Melinda Canterbury, Gawain Douglas, Mark Evans, Rogelio Garcia, Sarah Gassen, Michael McKisson, Jim Nintzel, Van Nguyen, Glenn Weyant, Jane See White
SEQUENCE: News-Editorial.
FACILITIES: CN, CATV, ETV, ComN, ComTV, JN (The Tombstone Epitaph, El Independiente, Arizona Cat?s Eye, Border Beat, The Cat Scan).
DEGREES: BA, MA.
? Arizona State University
555 N. Central Ave., Phoenix, AZ 85004-1248. Tel: (602) 496-5555, FAX: (602) 496-5116. Email: <Cronkiteinfo<at>asu.edu>. Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication, 1957. AMJ, KTA, NATAS, PRSSA, RTNDA, SPJ. Christopher Callahan, Dean.
FACULTY: Profs: Christopher Callahan, Dean; John E. Craft, Steve Doig, Knight Chair in Journalism; Donald G. Godfrey, Doctoral Program Director; Andrew Leckey, Reynolds Endowed Chair in Business Journalism; Tim McGuire, Frank Russell Chair for the Business of Journalism; Edward J. Sylvester; Assoc. Profs.: Craig M. Allen, Marianne Barrett, Senior Associate Dean, Solheim Professor; Sharon Bramlett-Solomon, Mary-Lou Galician, Fran R. Matera, Dennis E. Russell, Joseph Russomanno, Carol Schwalbe, B. William Silcock; Asst. Profs.: Serena Carpenter, Dawn Gilpin, Leslie-Jean Thornton, Xu Wu; Clinical Professor: Frederic Leigh, Associate Dean; Professors of Practice: Linda Austin, Executive Director of the Donald W. Reynolds National Center for Business Journalism; Jody Brannon, National Director News21; Aaron Brown, Walter Cronkite Professor of Journalism; CJ Cornell, Entrepreneur in Residence; Leonard Downie Jr., Weil Family Professor of Journalism; Steve Elliott, Director of Digital News, Cronkite News Service; Dan Gillmor, Director, Knight Center for Digital Media Entrepreneurship, Kauffman Professor of Digital Media Entrepreneurship; Susan Green, Broadcast Director, Cronkite News Service; Retha Hill, Director, New Media Innovation Lab; Mark Lodato, News Director; Rick Rodriguez, Carnegie Professor of Journalism, Southwest Borderlands Initiative Professor; Lecturers: Michael Casavantes, Amanda J. Crawford, Jim Jacoby; Assistant Dean: Kristin Gilger; Faculty Assocs.: Melanie Alvarez, Freelance news producer; Tom Blodgett, Associate content manager/preps, The Arizona Republic/azcentral.com; Greg Boeck, Former US TODAY reporter; Robert Boos, Online editor, azcentral.com; Andre Bowser, Mesa/Apache Junction reporter, East Valley Tribune; Gerd Corrigan, Graphic designer; Roy Dabner, Photo stringer, European Pressphoto Agency; John D?Anna, Community editor/Mesa, The Arizona Republic; Andrea Decker, Teacher, Phoenix Country Day School; Justin Doom, Freelance writer/editor; Becca Dyer, Asstistant copy desk chief, East Valley Tribune; Tom Fergus, News photojournalist, KSAZ-TV (Fox 10), Phoenix; Jeff Ficker, Managing editor, McMurry; Jim Fickess, Copy editor, FreeLife International; Michelle Fortin, Senior communications specialist, Alliance Defense Fund; Joe Garcia, New media/communications specialist at the Morrison Institute; Christia Gibbons, Freelance writer; Web content developer, Write Image; Thomas Gibbons, Freelance writer; former business editor, East Valley Tribune; RuthAnn Hogue, SEO copywriter, Apollo Group; Jennifer Johnson, Senior copy editor/page one team, The Arizona Republic; Kristina Justin, Director of communications, Greater Phoenix Economic Council; Kim Krigsten, Freelance reporter/producer; Christine Lavelle, Managing partner, Digital Strategies LLC and former director of interactive media, East Valley Tribune; John Leach,?Managing partner, Digital Strategies LLC, and former managing editor, The Arizona Republic and azcentral.com.; Andrew Long, Senior news artist, The Arizona Republic; Wilma Mathews, Former director of constituent relations, ASU; David Proffitt Editor, city life, The Arizona Republic; Richard Ruelas? Reporter, The Arizona Republic; Mark Scarp, Former columnist/editorial writer, East Valley Tribune; Jacqueline Shoyeb, Online platform manager, azcentral.com; Judd Slivka, President, Olympia Conceptual, LLC; Glen Stephens, Station director, city of Mesa; Tim Vetscher, News reporter, KNXV-TV (ABC 15), Phoenix; Brian Webb, Reporter, ABC 15; Gilbert Zermeno, Investigative producer / photojournalist, KPHO-TV 5
SEQUENCES: Print Journalism, Broadcast Journalism, Digital Journalism, Strategic Media & Public Relations.
FACILITIES: AP, FM, CAT, CCTV, CN, ComN, ComTV, DR, ETV, PRA, VDT.
DEGREES: BA, MMC, PhD.
Northern Arizona University
PO Box 5619, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5619. Tel: (928) 523-2232, FAX: (928) 523-1505; Email: <school.communication<at>nau.edu>. Web: <http:// www.comm.nau.edu/>. School of Communication, 1966. AAF, AER, AZ Newspapers Assn., NPPA, PAD, PRSSA, RMCPA, SCA, SPJ, SWECJMC, WICI, WSCA, BEA. Tom Knights, Director.
Communication Program: The School of Communication offers degrees in advertising, electronic media, journalism, merchandising, photography, public relations, speech communication and visual communication. Sequences offered within these disciplines include broadcast journalism, computer imaging, electronic media management, electronic media production, environmental communication, graphic design, human communication, interpersonal and family communication, journalism education, journalism-political science, news-editorial, organizational communication, photojournalism, pre-law, public and political communication and speech communication education.
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Phillip Phillips Prepping Debut Album That 'Represents Me'
Building on the success of his 'Idol' coronation song 'Home,' Phillips is hard at work on an album that reflects his eclectic tastes.
By James Montgomery
Phillip Phillips
Photo: MTV News
Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1692436/phillip-phillips-album-home.jhtml
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Wednesday, August 22, 2012
Reminders for Thursday, August 23 | Business Risk Management
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Source: http://risk.garven.com/2012/08/21/reminders-for-thursday-august-23/
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Learn Three Home Improvement Suggestions You May Not Be ...
Business on the net involves making many choices depending on your particular model, marketing and advertising methods such as using plumber miami or related approaches. Those who are more experienced will have passed many trials by fire in that regard.
But still, that is really no reason to stress over it because it is just a normal part of all business. It does not really matter if you feel overwhelmed, in some situations, because you can employ certain methods to alleviate that emotion. The issue of mistakes in business need not be only because you are learning and mistakes are to be expected. Those who have been at it for longer have made their mistakes, and now they do not make so many of them. Often times all you need to do is take enough action with any new method, or group of them, that you employ in your business.
Taking on home improvement projects that make your home safer for your loved ones is always a smart thing to do. Faulty electrical devices are the number one reason that fires in homes usually begin.
The best way to determine if there is an electrical fire is to feel the wall to see if it is warm. More than likely, if the fire is raging, you will smell smoke at some point. Too much current in the wires is bound to make them hot to the touch. We will talk about several relatively easy home improvement projects related to electrical safety.
You probably know about creosote, if your fireplace is old, but still used. Creosote is a by-product of burning wood, and it is highly combustible, toxic and corrosive. The creosote can ignite inside your chimney, where it has accumulated after years of using the fireplace for a lot of fires. This substance is dangerous, so if you have it in your chimney, you need to get someone to remove it. Don?t find some fly-by-night company which promises to get it clean, just because they are cheap, because you need this job done right. plumbers miami beach is such a broad field of study, and you do have to decide which of the overall parts of the puzzle are more relevant to you. Nevertheless, the bottom line is how you want to use it, and how much of it will effect your situation. As you realize, there is even more to the story than what is offered here. We are keeping the best for last, and you will be pleased at what you will find out. It is all about offering information that develops on itself, and we believe you will appreciate that. You can install, for security purposes, a simple outdoor lighting system so you can see outside at night. To make sure that you get the best possible product for the money, a motion sensor activated light is what you should acquire. The best place to put these lights is over the garage and any doors that you go in and out of during the evening. It is possible to install these motion sensor lights on every corner of your house for optimal safety. Whoever or whatever that walks into the motion sensor will turn the light on so that you can see who is there. These lights can also act as conventional lights giving you the ability to turn them on and off with the switch.
Insulating your home can save you a great deal of money. You might have to get an infrared scan of your house to find out how much insulation you will need. The charge for this process is relatively high and reflects the cost of the camera itself. This camera is so good that it is capable of giving you the information you need regardless of the season or how warm or cold it is in your home. Daytime exposures are fine, though it is preferable to get your pictures done at night. All this camera does is show you where air is escaping from your house using thermal imagery and infrared technology. Obviously any home improvement you can do to increase the energy efficiency of your house will pay off over time. If you plan on staying in your house for years to come, then that is all the more reason to do it. Some houses lose energy very efficiently, which is seemingly epidemic. Problems that you see now should be fixed immediately so they do not become larger problems at a later date. In the end, your problems will cost you a great deal of money, especially if you wait to fix them.
The number of possible issues that can arise with reading about plumbing will always depend on your previous actions.
Everybody likes to talk about info overload, and that is really a serious issue in this regard. The more something becomes subjective, or reliant on interpretation, that is when you will see conflict. So that is why when you are talking about anything marketing-related, or something similar, then you really need to exercise due diligence in all respects.
The need for you to take strong measures that ensure your belief in only the most stringent facts is not subject for debate, ever.
Source: http://tiquotes.com/learn-three-home-improvement-suggestions-you-may-not-be-aware-of/
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Why He Is Afraid To Show You He Likes You - Committed Relationship
A guy?s behavior can surely be confusing. Sometimes you just get a feeling that he is into you. You sense it, and you almost know it, but he won?t tell you and won?t ask you out. Does he really like you or is he just playing? We are here to help you understand whether a guy likes you or not, and with the help of these tips you will get closer to knowing the truth.
While there are no guaranteed signs a guy likes you, our experts have compiled a number of typical signs a man will display when he is into you. See if your guy is displaying any of them, and the more you get right, the higher the chances he has a secret crush on you!
- He acts nervous every time you are around and suddenly blushes .You get to notice him staring at you at a distance but when you look back he turns away and looks the other way.
- The tone of his voice changes into a soft one when both of you are having a conversation.
- He remembers every single detail you tell him especially when it is about you.
- He gives compliments most of the time.
- He talks to everybody else, but acts so shy when you are near him. He stares straight into your eyes when you are talking.
- These are just the few signs that he is into you. Most probably, he likes you.
- There comes a point when you are already dating, and want to take your relationship to the next level, but you are still not sure if he is into you enough to start the talk about where this relationship is going. It could still be confusing despite of all his actions showing that he is into you because he never brings up the talk.
To admit you like someone takes a lot of courage and bravery. Without these factors, nothing will happen. Feelings will be left out unspoken, unexpressed and never found.
Sometimes a guy would rather have you as his friend and he values your friendship very much. If he is not sure you like him just as much he might be afraid that he might blow up your relationship as friends when he tries to show and express his feelings for you. He sees a good and better companionship with you when you remain as best of friends. He likes you, but he is just afraid to lose you when he tries to crack up the real truth on how he feels for you. He doesn?t have the guts yet to speak out. As friends, he will know you better and spend time with you anytime he wants without any awkwardness. That?s why he chooses to not show how much he is into you because he values your friendship more than anything else. He knows that it would be a risk so he would rather shut up and be contented with what he have right now being with you as friends.
He could also be afraid of showing he is into you because he doesn?t seem to see you feel the same way. Some guys just don?t want to be rejected and ridiculed by their friends. Men want to see some signs as well that u like him. If there is no assurance for him that you have feelings too, he walks away and looks for other women who could give him confidence that you are falling for him. This also mean that he will not take the risk of saying he likes you. Guys who are not risk- takers are cowards. They want to protect themselves from getting embarrassed and rather stay in a safe position
He could be just shy of making any sort of commitment at this point in his life, which means he would rather stay as flirty as he is and not commit to you at all. He says a lot of flowery words and says good things at you but still is afraid to show and express that he wants you that bad. He may like you but his perceptions on dating someone is a one hell of a ride for him. Mostly, this type of men has traumatic experiences on their previous relationships. Probably the girl he dated before didn?t give him much appreciation and despite all his efforts, the relationship did not work out. He doesn?t want the same bad things will happen to him again. He takes you out on a date and regularly gives you time if you want to but never express that he likes you. In this way, it keeps him safe from getting hurt again.
Some guys are just naturally shy to the girl they like. Shyness is one of the most distracting things when it comes to expressing feelings. This makes the scenario much harder and complicated to both men and women. He just can?t keep up his self-esteem to express his feelings because you seem so hard to reach and more confident than he is. You are Miss popular, while he is just an ordinary guy admiring you. Women should also be aware that there are times that guys feel awkward with what you wear and what you do especially when he is so into you. With you being so overly confident and vain, makes him more shy and will never have the courage to say anything and express how he truly feels for you.
Men are not verbally expressive at times especially when it comes to his emotions and heart status. He doesn?t speak that much but his consistency of showing he cares makes you fall for him even more. You, as a woman, should understand that guys don?t tend to express their feelings that easy. They like you, but it?s never that easy for him to verbally express how he truly feels. You are always in his mind looking for ways on how to catch your attention. He rather does special things for you anytime you need him. His availability is way more than the time you asked for him.
It is hard to point out their real intentions. We should open our eyes, mind, heart and soul to know his sincerity and main reason why he is doing great and romantic stuff for you. He could be a great friend, naturally shy, commitment phobic or could be someone who doesn?t express his feelings verbally but only through actions. Mutual understanding could exist but still it requires confirmation to set the reality of your relationship straight.
To learn how to make any man fall in love with you, check out This Page>>>
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Tuesday, August 21, 2012
Apple v. Samsung Heading to Jury, Unless CEOs Can Settle
With?Apple v. Samsung heading into its last hours, the two companies' CEOs were expected to reach out to each other directly on Monday in an attempt to reach a settlement before jurors begin deliberating over a sprawling verdict form for the multifaceted intellectual property case.
Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/GearFactor/~3/ARZrx9i3joc/
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Monday, August 20, 2012
Augusta National adding two female members
Mell: Women applaud decision
Reax: What others are saying
The issue surfaced again this year after Virginia Rometty was appointed chief executive of IBM, one of the Masters? corporate sponsors. The four previous IBM CEOs had all been members, leading to speculation Rometty would become the first woman to receive a green jacket.
The club, which opened in 1932 and did not admit a black member until 1990, normally admits new members at the start of its season in the fall.
Payne declined to address the issue in April saying, ?As has been the case, whenever that question is asked, all issues of membership are now and have been historically subject to the private deliberations of the members.?
That makes Monday?s announcement regarding Rice and Moore a dramatic, albeit understandable, break in club policy. The club sent out a similar statement in 1990 when it admitted its first black member.
?Consideration with regard to any candidate is deliberate, held in strict confidence and always takes place over an extended period of time. The process for Condoleezza and Darla was no different,? said Payne, who took over as chairman when Johnson retired in 2006.
?These accomplished women share our passion for the game of golf and both are well known and respected by our membership. It will be a proud moment when we present Condoleezza and Darla their green jackets when the club opens this fall.?
A source close to the situation told The Associated Press that Rice and Moore were first considered for membership five years ago, four years after Burk led a protest of about 30 supporters in a lot down the street from the club during the Masters. The source also said prospective members often are not aware they are being considered.
Moore, 58, first rose to prominence in the 1980s with Chemical Bank, where she became the highest-paid woman in the banking industry. She is vice president of Rainwater, Inc., a private investment company founded by her husband, Richard Rainwater.
Moore, who worked with Johnson on South Carolina's $300 million capital campaign in the late 1990s, was mentioned as a possible Augusta National member during the height of the all-male membership debate in 2002.
?Augusta National has always captured my imagination, and is one of the most magically beautiful places anywhere in the world, as everyone gets to see during the Masters each April,? Moore told the AP. ?I am fortunate to have many friends who are members at Augusta National, so to be asked to join them as a member represents a very happy and important occasion in my life.?
Johnson said in a statement to The State newspaper in Columbia, S.C., ?This is wonderful news for Augusta National Golf Club and I could not be more pleased. Darla Moore is my good friend, and I know she and Condoleezza Rice will enjoy the club as much as I have.?
Rice, 57, was the national security adviser under former President George W. Bush and became secretary of state in his second term. The first black woman to be a Stanford provost in 1993, she now is a professor of political economy at Stanford's Graduate School of Business and recently was appointed to the U.S. Golf Association?s nominating committee.
?I have visited Augusta National on several occasions and look forward to playing golf, renewing friendships and forming new ones through this very special opportunity,? Rice said in a statement. ?I have long admired the important role Augusta National has played in the traditions and history of golf. I also have an immense respect for the Masters tournament and its commitment to grow the game of golf, particularly with youth, here in the United States and throughout the world.?
Reaction to the news across the golf world was widely supportive.
?The PGA Tour commends Augusta National Golf Club on the news that it has invited Condoleezza Rice and Darla Moore to become its first women members,? Tour commissioner Tim Finchem said in a statement. ?At a time when women represent one of the fastest growing segments in both playing and following the game of golf, this sends a positive and inclusive message for our sport.?
Four-time Masters champion Tiger Woods also applauded the move, telling the AP, ?The decision by the Augusta National membership is important to golf.?
Although the club didn?t allow female members until now, women regularly play the venerable course, including the Sunday before the Masters.
?It?s inexcusable that it lasted this long,? said LPGA player Jan Stephenson, who has played the club a half-dozen times. ?The women baby boomer will become the richest market in the world in the next 10 years. It?s going to be a major positive and great timing for good will for Augusta National and women?s golf. This is not a man?s world. Look at how many presidents of major companies are women now.?
Burk also felt like the move was overdue but applauded Monday?s announcement as step in the right direction. ?It came sooner than I expected. I thought they were going to try to outlast me,? she told the AP. ?I really thought they would wait until the women?s movement would get no credit. But if we had not done what we did, this would not have happened now.?
Source: http://www.golfchannel.com/news/golftalkcentral/augusta-national-announces-first-female-members/
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Review: Sociolinguistics: Norrby and Hajek (2011) - Boston University
EDITORS: Norrby, Catrin; Hajek, John
TITLE: Uniformity and Diversity in Language Policy
SUBTITLE: Global Perspectives
SERIES: Multilingual Matters
PUBLISHER: Multilingual Matters
YEAR: 2011
Mari?n Sloboda, Charles University in Prague
INTRODUCTION
The book under review is a collection of sixteen chapters about language
policies in several countries and regions of the world. In particular, these
areas lie in Europe (10 chapters predominantly about western Europe), Australia
(4 chapters) and North America (2 chapters), i.e. the volume focuses on the
so-called Western countries.
It is necessary to note right at the beginning that the book?s title ?Uniformity
and Diversity in Language Policy: Global Perspectives? may be somewhat
misleading. Uniformity and diversity in language policy is not a central topic
for most of the chapters, although it is (usually implicitly and to various
degrees) taken into account in some of the chapters. Similarly, the main
perspective is not always global, but very often it is a national, regional or
local one ? in a number of chapters it is the perspective of a nation, region,
minority language speakers, employees of a supranational company, participants
to an online discussion, etc. This does not mean, of course, that global
perspectives are absent from the book. Most authors consider important global
phenomena, such as international migration, international trade, international
protection of minority languages, etc. The imprecision of the volume?s title may
be due to the high diversity of the topics which the book contains and for which
it must have been difficult to find a suitable common title.
Above all the book contains analytic descriptions of various aspects of variably
complex language policies in different locations of the Western world. What
holds this heterogeneous collection together is the attention to the historical
development as well as synchronic context of language polices, to the
(preliminary) outcomes of their implementation and to certain tensions between
the language policies and the existing situation in the given location.
The book puts strong emphasis on factuality and description ? an effort to
elaborate on the theory of language policy is absent from the volume. This may
also contribute to the high degree of the text?s intelligibility and
accessibility to a wider rather than just specialist audience ? not only to
experts such as academics, researchers and policy-makers, but also to laypersons
not familiar with terminology but interested in language policy in the
contemporary world.
SUMMARY
The General Introduction opening the book describes, for the most part, the
content of the three parts of the book into which its 16 chapters are divided.
The first part, entitled ?Language Policy at the Official Level,? consists of
five chapters which describe aspects of language policies formulated at the
official, usually state (national), level. The second part, ?Language Policy in
Practice: Indigenous and Migrant Languages in Education,? contains five chapters
which deal in more or less detailed ways with the issue of languages in
education. Since it seems that they are about public school education, this part
can also be considered a description of official language policies. The third
part bears a rather vague title ?Language Policy in Real and Virtual Worlds,?
where ?virtual? signals that language policy in the online world would also be
in focus, which, however, is the case in only two out of the six chapters in
this part of the volume. This part is more heterogeneous than the two preceding
ones: it includes studies of language policies not only on the Internet, but
also in the commercial sector and among persecuted political opposition. I
return to the organization of the book later in this review. I turn now to a
summary of the content of the individual chapters in order to show the
variability of the topics and locations involved.
In Chapter 1 (?Language policy and citizenship in Quebec: French as a force for
unity in diverse society??) Jane Warren and Leigh Oakes describe the promotion
of French as an element in the Qu?b?cois identity. Among other issues, they
point to the fact that, although it is not directly applied to the Aboriginal
peoples of this part of Canada, this language policy nevertheless has a
significant impact on this population as well.
In Chapter 2 (?Do national languages need support and protection in legislation?
The case of Swedish as the ?principal language? of Sweden?) Sally Boyd
investigates the development of national language policy and legislation in
Sweden, where Swedish language use is losing some of its domains in favour of
English. A goal of the national policy is to support Swedish both at the
national and international levels in the domains in which English prevails. The
author points out that the argumentation employed for this national language
policy is inconsistent: certain principles are applied to the speakers of
Swedish as L1, but different ones to the speakers of other languages spoken in
Sweden as L1. She argues in favour of solving the issues of linguistic diversity
by way of more sensitive local language policy measures, rather than by national
legislation.
In Chapter 3 (?Language policy and smaller national languages: The Baltic states
in the new millennium?), Uldis Ozolins returns to the intensive and emotional
debates over national language policies in the Baltic countries, which are
marked by a conflict between the promotion of the native national languages
(Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian), which were retreating from use in the Soviet
era on the one hand and the maintenance of Russian, the dominant language in the
Soviet period, on the other hand. On the basis of the data from national
surveys, the author argues that, in contrast to these debates, mutual tolerance
prevails among the population in general and the level of its multilingualism is
increasing.
In Chapter 4 (?Language policy in Australia: What goes up must come down??)
Paulin G. Djit? traces the development of the national language policy of
Australia, which has been moving from support for multilingualism to support for
monolingual English literacy. The making of Australian language policies has not
always been based on actual communicative needs of the population, but also on
presumed economic advantages and ideologically motivated political interests.
In Chapter 5 (?Regional languages, the European Charter and republican values in
France today?) Leigh Oakes describes how the European Charter for Regional or
Minority Languages (an international treaty of the Council of Europe) and a
wider shift in thinking about minority languages influences the language policy
of France, especially the values of the French Republic. It becomes more
interesting to observe this influence when we realize that France, as a rare
case among the Council of Europe?s members, has not ratified the Charter yet.
Chapter 6 opens the second part of the volume, which focuses on education. In
this chapter (?Breton language maintenance and regeneration in regional
education policy?), Tadgh ? hIfearn?in addresses the efforts in the regeneration
of Breton in France. He investigates life experiences and opinions of Breton
activists and concludes that the minority Breton language policy relies very
much on school education, but needs to be accompanied by other language
management supporting Breton language use also in the life period after
graduation from Breton-medium schools.
In Chapter 7 (?Language policy in Spain: The coexistence of small and big
languages?) David Lasagabaster describes the situation in language education in
Spain, especially in the Basque Country. He deals with the question of
successful teaching of traditional ?small? (minority) languages in the situation
in which this is challenged by increasing immigration and globalization (by the
immigrants? usual preference for the ?big? national language and a preference
for learning the ?big? English language as foreign). He arrives at the
conclusion that it is not efforts to promote monolingualism in the minority
language, but on the contrary, support for multilingualism that would be useful
for maintaining the traditional minority languages.
In Chapter 8 (?Language policy and language contact in New Mexico: The case of
Spanish?) Catherine E. Travis and Daniel J. Villa describe the development of
the situation of Spanish in New Mexico. They point out that the Spanish variety
which has traditionally been spoken in this state of the USA is vanishing, while
the position of another variety of Spanish, the one spoken by current migrants
from Mexico, is becoming stronger.
In Chapter 9 (?Indigenous languages, bilingual education and English in
Australia?), Gillian Wigglesworth and David Lasagabaster describe the
development of education policy for the indigenous language speakers in
Australia. This policy is currently heading towards monolingual teaching in
English. Among other conclusions, the authors point to the discrepancy between
the official espousing of the notion of ?knowledge society? on the one hand and
the situation in which official decisions are in contradiction to the newest
research findings concerning language education for minorities (i.e. to educate
them also in their home languages).
In Chapter 10 (?Bringing Asia to the home front: The Australian experience of
Asian language education through national policy?), Yvette Slaughter draws our
attention to another topic in Australian language policy, namely, the teaching
of Asian languages. She points to the strong economic motivation behind the
policy of teaching selected Asian languages which are important for Australia?s
international business as foreign, and to the ensuing problem of language
learning continuity in the educational process and the inadequacy of the adopted
conception of Asian language teaching for those children in Australia who speak
these languages in their homes.
Chapter 11 opens the third and last part of the volume. It is devoted to
language policies adopted at other than the official levels and to the
interaction between official language policies and language policies in other
places and social structures. Chapter 11 itself (?Testing identity: Language
tests and Australian citizenship?) is an exception to this focus to some extent,
as its authors, Kerry Ryan and Tim McNamara, analyze the national language and
knowledge tests for obtaining Australian citizenship. This is a very important
issue nowadays if we consider the current changes in national identities in the
context of intensive international migration. The authors describe the origin
and development of such tests in Australia. They conclude that, in the current
test conception, the role of the tested language as a symbol (of national
identity, social cohesion or the like) predominates over the practical
implications of the required standard of language skills.
In Chapter 12 (?Language as political emblem in the new culture war in Northern
Ireland?), Diarmait Mac Giolla Chr?ost investigates language management
(including small-scale informal language policies) in a totally different type
of setting than the previous chapters, describing Irish language acquisition and
efforts at its use in a community of prisoners who had fought against the
British rule in Northern Ireland. The author traces the politicization of their
local variety of Irish in the struggle between the Republicans and the Unionists
in the course of the second half of the 20th century and the penetration of this
local language management into Northern Ireland?s public, including cultural,
policy.
In Chapter 13 (?Language policy and reality in South Tyrol?), Claudia Maria
Riehl and John Hajek describe the regional language policy and some of its
consequences in South Tyrol which has a regional German majority, but belongs to
Italy today. This language policy is interesting for its emphasis on the
separation of the two ethnolinguistic communities (the German one and the
Italian one) who, however, live together and inevitably come into contact and
intermingle.
In Chapter 14 (?Addressing policy in the Web: Netiquettes and emerging policies
of language use in German Internet forums?), Heinz L. Kretzenbacher investigates
the negotiation of local policy of formal/informal personal reference (du vs.
Sie, or T vs. V forms of pronouns and verbs) among the users of German Internet
forums. Noticeable is the trend towards more informality on the Web and a
perceived difference between the norms of online communication as opposed the
communicative norms in the offline world.
In Chapter 15 (?Language policy in practice: What happens when Swedish IKEA and
H&M take ?you? on??), Catrin Norrby and John Hajek also investigate the use and
management of the informal pronouns and second person singular verb forms (T
forms), but in various languages and as part of the policy of two Swedish
supranational companies. The chapter focuses on which countries and which types
of communication with customers the informal address/reference was accepted in
and how local personnel in countries other than Sweden cope with this top-down
policy based on Swedish communicative norms.
In the last chapter, Chapter 16 (?Regulating language in the global service
industry?), Deborah Cameron analyzes company language policy as well. She
describes various forms of language management in service-providing companies
based mostly in the UK. She notes that the relationships between the ordinary
employees and managers and between the companies and their clients/customers are
prominent objects of language management in this sector. This language
management includes, e.g., the scripting of interactions to personalize
communication between the employees and the clients/customers or the promotion
of informal forms of address to evoke the impression of collegiality between
employees from various positions in the company?s hierarchy. This chapter draws
attention to the variety of particular ways language management is
interconnected with economic and organizational management.
EVALUATION
The quality of the studies in this volume testifies to the fact the authors are
experts with deep insight into the issues and locations they describe. Although
the chapters are very diverse in geography and focus, they concern a number of
topics of general interest, such as citizenship, nation building, the situation
of indigenous populations, minority language education, economic interests in
language policy, efforts to change communicative norms, etc. If the reader
focuses on these general topics, it becomes possible to compare the otherwise
diverse studies with each other or with another situation the reader is familiar
with.
Out of the set of the general topics covered by the book, I would like first to
highlight the question of the ways in which the management of language is
interconnected with economic and sociocultural management. Particularly
interesting in this respect is the problem of identification of connections
between, on the one hand, the adoption and implementation of a language policy
and, on the other hand, the factors we are not used to relating to language
policy, such as politeness, real property market, transport infrastructure, etc.
The chapters about Australia suggest another interesting general issue, namely,
the question of the difference between language policy implementation in
federations and in unitary states and, more generally, the question of
interaction between various levels of governance, some of which often alter or
block the policy implementation process.
Another general topic mentioned in the book is the question of binding private
subjects to a language policy adopted by public administration. This is an
important topic considering the current transfer of a number of services from
public to private organizations, which we can witness in today?s Europe, for
instance.
An open question is the influence of international migration on the situation of
traditional minority languages. Some of the ?European? chapters in the volume
show that the linguistic situation in officially bilingual regions evolves to
the detriment of these minority languages. Political practice supporting
traditional minority languages has been more or less stabilized already.
However, the current increase in immigration presents a challenge when
immigrants generally prefer the majority language or when the present minority
language policy orients to parallel bilingualism and is monolingualist. Such
policy ceases to be sustainable in this situation.
A classical topic, which, however, is becoming more and more pressing with
regard to the intensity of international migration, is the methods of teaching
in schools of the so-called ?foreign? languages which are, however, used by
migrant children in their homes. How can we ensure the teaching of such
languages as foreign to one part of the child population and education
developing the already existing language skills in the other part?
Interestingly, the chapters on education in this volume constrain themselves to
school education. Therefore, the logical next step is to ask how it is with
extra-curricular forms of language teaching and learning, such as with various
types of language courses, tutoring and ?language tandems? or language exchange
partnerships (cf. Masuda, 2009). What role do these forms of language teaching
and learning play in the linguistic situation in a given location and how do
they interact with language education in schools? These were some of the
interesting questions the volume under review raises.
Characteristic of the book as a whole is the absence of theoretical ambitions or
efforts to elaborate on the theory of language policy, which, interestingly, is
likewise not very strong in recent publications on language policy (e.g.
Shohamy, 2006; Spolsky, 2004 and 2012). Methodological questions are also not
elaborated on and even not much described in the volume. The book is thus rather
?factographic? or documentary, although it does not lack interesting insights
coming from the authors? work with their data and experience.
The content summary above has shown a high level of the book?s heterogeneity.
How can we read it, then? First of all, it is necessary to appreciate the
evidently large amount of editorial work spent on putting this volume together.
It is apparent that it was composed in such a way that the chapters follow each
other in a logical order. With respect to the heterogeneity of the volume,
however, selective reading may be more useful than reading the book as a
continuous text. For example, readers with rudimentary knowledge of language
policy in Australia, and possibly with a stereotypical idea of its successful
policy of multilingualism, will find it very useful to select the four chapters
on Australia (chapters 4, 9, 10 and 11). Those interested in ?small? national
languages, regional minority languages, national identity, supranational
companies or other topics may want to proceed in a similar way.
The volume?s heterogeneity is underlined by the absence of a concluding chapter
with a discussion, summary or comparison across the chapters. The introduction
was not used for a general discussion on uniformity and diversity in language
policy but describes, instead, the content of each chapter, and the same thing
is repeated in the forewords to each part of the book. A discussion or
comparative concluding chapter could have lent more coherence to the book and
could have added another dimension to the chapters.
The book under review is a useful contribution to our understanding of the
historical development and present contexts of language policy creation and
implementation at various levels, from supranational to local, in the Western
world. Readers will very likely find in it something which will complement their
knowledge of the locations or aspects of language policy they are interested in.
Thanks to the book?s relatively wide geographical coverage and its attention to
the outcomes of language policies cast against historical and present-day
backgrounds, persons working in language policy can find here inspiration for
their work on language issues in their own countries. Those seeking theoretical
innovations or methodological inspiration will most likely be disappointed ?
however, this was not the editors? or authors? explicit ambition.
REFERENCES
Masuda, Yuko. 2009. Negotiation of language selection in Japanese-English
exchange partnerships. In J. Nekvapil and T. Sherman (eds.), Language Management
in Contact Situations: Perspectives from Three Continents (pp. 185-205).
Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Shohamy, Elana. 2006. Language Policy: Hidden Agendas and New Approaches.
London: Routledge.
Spolsky, Bernard. 2004. Language Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Spolsky, Bernard (ed.). 2012. The Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
ABOUT THE REVIEWER
Mari?n Sloboda currently works as Assistant Professor at the Department of
Central European Studies, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. He
is interested in the theory and practice of language management and in the
issues of multilingualism and minority language support. He is a member of
an advisory body to the Czech government on these issues.
Source: http://www.bu.edu/applied-linguistics/2012/08/20/review-sociolinguistics-norrby-and-hajek-2011/
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